I do water changes about every 3 weeks in mine. not major ones but, enough to replace any elements that may be pulled out of the water. I have a few soft corals and LPS though. I typically do them when calcium or magnesium levels fall...or my kH drops.
The protein skimmer and live rock do the heavy lifting in a marine tank. I'd definitely get a skimmer if you don't have one.
You definitely need a skimmer with live rock. As said before this is a majority of the filtration/upkeep. As to your first question no it is not nessesary to do water changes but this requires a lot of pre-planning and a decent amount of equipment. There are tank profile done by various reef keeping communist that showcase tanks that have been up and running for 4+ years without ever doing a water change. This is attained by automatic top off of rodi. Dosing calk/alk/mag/trace via metering pumps. Massive skimmers, prefilters, and the key here is a perfectly balanced bioload.
For most of us running more basic setups you can get away with a 30% change every 3 weeks to a month and a half. This will always vary from tank to tank. Once you have been up and running for a while and you get a grasp of how long it takes for excessive nitrate levels to build takes, prompting you to perform a waterchange, and you won't have to test anymore unless you notice odd behavior. Kind of rambling . . . I LOVE salt water. Challenging but so rewarding.
Forget other advice about puffers you don't hear here - Pufferpunk
It is very rewarding going to full marine with live rock and a skimmer. I'm still seeing amazing things pop out of my live rock, even 6 months later. I just discovered a 3" long mollusk survived the curing and somehow hid up until two weeks ago. I though it was dead but when I went near it to pull it out, it closed up.
My Puffers: Puffers I have kept: T lineatus T miurus A modestus T biocellatus C valentini C coranata C papuan C lorteti DPs suvattii burrfish T niphobles
Your best bet on a skimmer os to buy a used one on Ebay or find a local reef club in your area. Folks always selling stuff off for upgrades or teardowns. I always like the Backpac & usually could find a used one around $50.
You are getting sleepy... you only hear the sound of my voice... you must do water changes... water changes... water changes... water changes...
+1 I bought 2 "hang on back" skimmers from eBay, One of them a CPR BakPak and one an AquaC Remora. I think I paid 45 and 60 for them, respectively. I started to use the CPR, it worked great. The only problem is that it's footprint was larger than the AquaC and its collection cup seemed smaller. So I switched to the Aqua C but, I'm very comfortable having the CPR as a backup.
That said, I feel like I got more, darker skimmate from the CPR but the AquaC is a little quieter and still pulls a good amount of junk out of the water and I have to dump the cup less often.point
Before I get long winded on reviews, the point is you can get a quality second market skimmer without breaking the bank. The only thing I'd warn you of is that you should be prepared to replace the powerhead, maybe not immediately but, in the near future...you just don't know what kind of shape it is going to be in used.
I would recommend the remora if you can find one in your price range. I paid close to 200 for my remora c plus and couldn't be happier. The mag5 shipped with a bad impeller but those pumps are bullet proof. Swapped out and running like a champ.
Forget other advice about puffers you don't hear here - Pufferpunk